Audition

Richard Strauss (1864-1949), was a German composer of the Late Romantic era.

Strauss completed Death and Transfiguration in 1889.

César Franck (1822-1890), was an Belgian-French composer of the Romantic era.

Franck completed the Symphony in D Minor in 1888.

Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904), was a Czech composer of the Romantic era.

Dvořák completed Symphony No. 9 in 1893.

Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904), was a Czech composer of the Romantic era.

Dvořák completed Symphony No. 8 in 1890.

Anton Bruckner (1824-1896), was an Austrian composer of the Romantic era.

Bruckner completed Symphony No. 9 in 1896.

Anton Bruckner (1824-1896), was an Austrian composer of the Romantic era.

Bruckner completed Symphony No. 7 in 1883.

Anton Bruckner (1824-1896), was an Austrian composer of the Romantic era.

Bruckner completed Symphony No. 4 in 1874.

Johannes Brahms (1833-1897), was a German composer of the Romantic era who used trombones sparingly but strategically.

Brahms’s Tragic Overture in D minor (1880) is scored for a large orchestra including three trombones and tuba, it uses the low brass sparingly but effectively with a chorale-like permutation of the main idea.

Johannes Brahms (1833-1897), was a German composer of the Romantic era who used trombones sparingly but strategically.

In Brahms’s Symphony No. 4 in E minor, Op. 98 (1885), the three trombones appear exclusively in the fourth movement, where Brahms reserves them for the opening ominous chorale theme (adapted from Bach - derived from a bass line in Cantata BWV 150).

Johannes Brahms (1833-1897), was a German composer of the Romantic era who used trombones sparingly but strategically.

Brahms’s Symphony No. 3 in F major, Op. 90, was completed in 1883. Scored for three trombones, they are used only in the outer movements (tacet in the third), adding weight and warmth to the symphony’s climaxes and low sonorities.